Apache服务的搭建与配置（超详细版）

本文介绍: Ap ac he是一种常见的Web服务器软件，广泛用于Linux和其他UNIX操作系统上。它是自由软件，可以通过开放源代码的方式进行自由分发和修改。Ap ac he提供了处理静态和动态内容的能力，而且还支持多种编程语言和脚本，如PHP、Pyt h on和Perl。此外，Ap ac he还支持SSL、TLS和虚拟主机等功能，可以很好地满足大量的Web应用程序的需求。

前言

systemctl stop firewalld

systemctl disable firewalld

vi /etc/selinux/config

setenforce 0

reboot

yum -y install httpd

systemctl start httpd

lsof -i:80

yum -y install lsof

curl +ip地址

yum - y install elinks

elinks +ip地址

cd /var/www/html

touch index.html

echo 'mortalz7' > /var/www/html/index.html

systemctl restart httpd

vi /var/www/html/index.html

<html>
    <head>
        <title>测试</title>
    </head>
<body>
    <h1 align="center">mortalz7</h1>
</body>
</html>

systemctl restart httpd

mkdir /www

vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

:set nu

:119

:131

systemctl restart httpd

cd /www

vi index.html

mortal

systemctl restart httpd

vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

:set nu

:164

systemctl reload httpd

systemctl restart httpd

echo "mortalz7 php" > /www/index.php

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make pcre pcre-devel gd-devel openssl-devel  zlib zlib-devel

cd /tmp

rm -rf *

yum -y install wget

wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.58.tar.gz

tar xf httpd-2.4.58.tar.gz

cd httpd-2.4.58/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2

yum -y install apr-*

make &amp;&amp; make install

/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -t

vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

ServerName localhost:80

vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/www/abc"          

<Directory /www/abc>
    AllowOverride AuthConfig
    AuthName "mortalz7"                              
    AuthType Basic
    AuthUserFile /www/.htpasswd
    require valid-user
</Directory>

</VirtualHost>

vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

:/httpd-vhost

htpasswd -c /www/.htpasswd mortalz7

cat /www/.htpasswd

/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl graceful

/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start

yum install psmisc

killall -9 httpd

/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl graceful
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start

192.168.10.118/www/abc

vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

:207

:/httpd-vhost

vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/tmp/111"      
    ServerName 111.com     
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/data/www"      
    ServerName www.test.com
    ServerAlias www.aaa.com   
</VirtualHost>

cd /tmp

mkdir 111

cd 111/

vi index.html

mortalz7,hello i am www.111.com

cd /data/www

vi index.html

mortalz7,hello i am www.aaa.com and www.test.com

vi /etc/hosts

192.168.10.118 www.111.com
192.168.10.118 www.aaa.com
192.168.10.118 www.test.com

/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start

killall httpd

ping www.111.com

ping www.aaa.com

ping www.test.com

curl -x +ip地址:80 www.aaa.com
curl -x +ip地址:80 www.test.com
curl -x +ip地址:80 www.111.com

mkdir -p /data/www

cd /data/www

vi index.html

mortalz7,hello,this is test rewrite

vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

:/rewrite

:156

:481

:/httpd-vhosts

vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/data/www"
<IfModule mod_write.c>
    RewriteEngine on
    RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.aaa.com$ [OR]
    RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.bbb.com$
    RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://www.test.com/$1 [R=301,L]
</IfModule>
</VirtualHost>

/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -t

vi /etc/hosts

192.168.10.118 www.aaa.com
192.168.10.118 www.bbb.com
192.168.10.118 www.test.com

/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart

curl www.aaa.com

curl www.bbb.com

curl www.test.com

vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/data/www"
<IfModule mod_write.c>
    RewriteEngine on
    RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^.*curl.* [NC,OR]   
    RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^.*chrome.* [NC]   
    RewriteRule .* - [F]            
</IfModule>
</VirtualHost>

curl www.test.com

/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart

curl www.test.com

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/data/www"
<IfModule mod_write.c>
    RewriteEngine on
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URL} ^.*/tmp/.* [NC] 
    RewriteRule .* - [F]            
</IfModule>
</VirtualHost>

vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

:/log_config

:/LogFormat

mkdir -p /data/www

cd /data/www

vi index.html

mortalz7,hello,this is test log

vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/data/www"
    ServerName www.test.com
    CustomLog "|/usr/local/apache2/bin/rotatelogs -l /usr/local/apache2/logs/test.com-access%y%m%d_log 86400" combined
</VirtualHost>

/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart

date

date +月日时分

curl +ip地址

cd /usr/local/apache2/logs/

vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/data/www"
    ServerName www.test.com
    ErrorLog "logs/test.com-error_log"
    SetEnvif Request_URL ".*.gif$" image-request
    SetEnvif Request_URL ".*.png$" image-request
    SetEnvif Request_URL ".*.bmp$" image-request
    SetEnvif Request_URL ".*.swf$" image-request
    SetEnvif Request_URL ".*.js$" image-request
    SetEnvif Request_URL ".*.css$" image-request
    CustomLog "|/usr/local/apache2/bin/rotatelogs -l /usr/local/apache2/logs/test.com-access%y%m%d_log 86400" combined env=!image-request
</VirtualHost>

vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

:/expires

:/httpd-vhosts

vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/data/www"
    ServerName www.test.com
<IfModule mod_expires.c>
    ExpiresActive on
    ExpiresBytype image/gif "access plus 1 days"
    ExpiresBytype image/jpeg "access plus 24 hours"
    ExpiresBytype image/png "access plus 24 hours"
    ExpiresBytype text/css "now plus 2 hours"
    ExpiresBytype application/x-javascript "now plus 2 hours"
    ExpiresBytype application/x-shockwave-flash "now plus 2 hours"
    ExpiresDeFault "now plus 0 min"
</IfModule>
</VirtualHost>

cd /data/www

yum -y install lrzsz

rz

chmod 777 lab.jpg

/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart

systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0

192.168.10.119/lab.jpg

curl -x 192.168.10.119:80 'http://www.test.com/lab.jpg' -I

vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/data/www"
    ServerName www.test.com
</VirtualHost>

yum -y install httpd

cd /var/www/html

vi index.html

<html>
    <title>test</title>
<body>
    <h1>mortalz7</h1>
    <img src="http://www.test.com/lab.jpg">
</body>
</html>

vi /etc/hosts

192.168.10.119 www.test.com

systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0

systemctl restart httpd

vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/data/www"
    ServerName www.test.com
    SetEnvIfNoCase Referer "^http://.*.test.com" local_ref
<filesmatch ".(txt|png|gif|doc|mp3|zip|rar|jpg|css|js)">
    Order Allow,Deny
    Allow from env=local_ref
</filesmatch>
</VirtualHost>

/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl graceful

/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart

192.168.10.110

vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/data/www"
    ServerName www.test.com
<Directory "/data/www">
    AllowOverride None
    options None
    order allow,deny
    Allow from all
    deny from 192.168.10.0/24
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>

/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl graceful

/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart

curl -I 192.168.10.119

显示所有内容

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1 Apache服务的搭建

1.1 准备环境

1.2 安装Apache

1.3 Apache配置文件

1.4 启动Apache

1.5 查看服务是否启动

1.6 访问验证httpd服务

2 Apache配置实例

2.1 实例一

2.2 实例二

2.3 实例三

2.4 实例四

2.5 Apache常用命令

3 Apache配置用户认证

3.1 准备环境

3.2 下载压缩包

3.3 解压压缩包

3.4 配置

3.5 编译安装

3.6 检查配置文件有无语法错误

3.7 Apache配置用户认证

3.7.1 编辑文件

3.7.2 打开模块

3.7.3 htpasswd生成密码文件

3.8 加载配置并启动

3.9 测试

4 Apache配置默认虚拟主机

4.1 编辑主配置文件

4.2 开启模块

4.3 编辑文件

4.4 测试

4.4.1 准备

4.4.2 添加本地解析

4.4.3 启动服务

4.4.4 测试（Ctrl＋c终止进程）

5 Apache配置rewrite规则

5.1 准备

5.2 开启模块

5.3 编辑文件

5.4 检查配置文件有无语法错误

5.5 添加本地解析

5.6 重新加载下配置文件

5.7 测试

5.8 禁止指定user_agent

5.9 通过rewrite限制某个目录

5.10 rewrite变量

6 Apache配置日志切割与管理

6.1 Apache主配置文件日志相关格式规定

6.2 日志切割

6.2.1 准备

6.2.2 修改文件

6.2.3 重启配置

6.2.4 修改时间

6.2.5 测试

6.3 不记录制定文件类型的日志

7 配置静态缓存

7.1 开启模块

7.2 编辑文件

7.3 测试

8 Apache配置防盗链

8.1 准备

8.2 配置防盗链

9 Apache访问控制

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1.2 安装Ap ache

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5.8 禁止指定 user_agent

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